02 INTERMEDIATE

Crypto
ESSENTIALS

Understand blockchain technology, cryptocurrencies, and how to navigate the digital asset ecosystem safely. Learn from the pioneers who built this industry.

BITCOIN ETHEREUM SELF-CUSTODY DEFI
"The root problem with conventional currency is all the trust that's required to make it work. The central bank must be trusted not to debase the currency, but the history of fiat currencies is full of breaches of that trust."
— SATOSHI NAKAMOTO, P2P Foundation (2009)
CRYPTO HISTORY

The Timeline

Key moments that shaped the cryptocurrency revolution

2008
OCT 31, 2008

Bitcoin Whitepaper

Satoshi Nakamoto publishes "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" to the cryptography mailing list.

2009
JAN 3, 2009

Genesis Block

The first Bitcoin block is mined. Message: "Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks."

2010
MAY 22, 2010

Pizza Day

10,000 BTC for two pizzas. First real-world Bitcoin transaction. Now worth hundreds of millions.

2013
NOVEMBER 2013

First Bull Run

Bitcoin surges from $13 to $1,100. Media attention explodes. First taste of crypto mania.

2015
JUL 30, 2015

Ethereum Launches

Vitalik Buterin's vision becomes reality. Smart contracts enable programmable money.

2017
DECEMBER 2017

ICO Mania

ICOs raise billions. Bitcoin hits $20,000. Mainstream awareness explodes.

2020
SUMMER 2020

DeFi Summer

Uniswap, Compound, Aave transform finance. Yield farming and liquidity mining emerge.

2021
MARCH 2021

NFT Explosion

Beeple sells for $69M. CryptoPunks, Bored Apes become cultural phenomena.

2022
NOV 2022

FTX Collapse

FTX implodes in days. $8B customer funds missing. SBF arrested. "Not your keys, not your coins" proven.

2024
JAN 10, 2024

Bitcoin ETF

SEC approves spot Bitcoin ETFs. BlackRock, Fidelity launch. Wall Street embraces digital gold.

2025
2025

Regulatory Clarity

GENIUS stablecoin bill passes. Bitcoin surpasses $100K. AI agents explode. L2s process billions daily.

FUTURE
THE FUTURE

What's Next?

Mass adoption, institutional integration, new protocols. The revolution continues.

Drag or scroll to explore

Core Principles

Fundamental truths that guide every serious crypto participant

1

NOT YOUR KEYS, NOT YOUR COINS

Self-custody is essential. Exchanges can fail, get hacked, or freeze your assets. Control your private keys.

2

VERIFY, DON'T TRUST

Blockchain eliminates trusted third parties. Run your own node. Verify transactions yourself. That's the point.

3

NEVER INVEST MORE THAN YOU CAN LOSE

Crypto is volatile. 80% drawdowns happen. Only invest money you won't need and can afford to lose entirely.

4

DYOR - DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH

Never buy based on hype or influencer calls. Understand what you're buying. Read the whitepaper. Check the code.

5

THINK LONG TERM

Zoom out. Bitcoin's 4-year cycles. Ethereum's roadmap. This technology is still early. Patience is rewarded.

6

SMART CONTRACTS ARE CODE

Code has bugs. Even audited protocols get hacked. Start small, check audits, and never deposit more than you can lose in any single protocol.

7

UNDERSTAND REGULATORY RISK

Regulations vary by jurisdiction and change constantly. Know your local laws. Some tokens may become securities. Tax obligations are real.

8

USE LAYER 2s FOR EFFICIENCY

Mainnet fees can be expensive. L2s like Base and Arbitrum offer the same security at a fraction of the cost. Learn to bridge safely.

SECURITY FUNDAMENTALS

Self-Custody Guide

Master the art of securing your digital assets. Not your keys, not your coins.

Why Self-Custody Matters

When you hold crypto on an exchange, you don't actually control your assets—the exchange does. FTX collapsed in 2022 locking billions in customer funds. Mt. Gox lost 850,000 BTC to hackers in 2014. The fundamental principle remains: "Not your keys, not your coins."

True Ownership

Complete control over your funds, 24/7

No Counterparty Risk

Immune to exchange hacks or insolvency

Financial Sovereignty

Be your own bank with full autonomy

Types of Wallets

Hot Wallets

Medium Security

Software wallets connected to the internet. Convenient for frequent transactions but more vulnerable to hacks.

Instant access for trading
Easy for beginners
Vulnerable to online attacks

Best for: Small amounts, daily transactions

Cold Wallets

Maximum Security

Hardware devices storing private keys offline. The gold standard for security, ideal for long-term holdings.

Immune to online attacks
Best for long-term storage
Less convenient, costs $50-200+

Best for: Large holdings, maximum security

Security Best Practices

Seed Phrase Storage

Write on paper or metal, never digitally. Store in multiple secure locations.

Verify Addresses

Double-check first and last 6 characters. Malware can swap clipboard addresses.

Test Small First

Send test transactions before moving large amounts. Practice recovery.

Keep Updated

Update wallet software and firmware regularly. Security vulnerabilities are discovered often.

Metal Backup

Engrave seed on steel or titanium. Protects against fire, water, and degradation.

Consider Multisig

Require multiple signatures for large holdings. Perfect for organizations.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Storing Seeds Digitally

Photos, cloud storage, or password managers create attack vectors. Physical-only storage is non-negotiable.

Risk: Critical

Unofficial Wallet Sources

Amazon/eBay sellers may sell tampered devices. Always buy directly from manufacturers.

Risk: Critical

Phishing Sites

Fake wallet sites capture your seed phrase. Bookmark official sites, verify URLs character-by-character.

Risk: Critical

Skipping Test Transactions

Wrong address, wrong network = permanent loss. Always send $10-20 test first.

Risk: High
DEFI ECOSYSTEM

The DeFi Landscape

Decentralized Finance protocols have created a parallel financial system. Understand the key categories and protocols.

🏦

LENDING

Borrow against collateral or lend for yield without intermediaries.

Aave $23B TVL
Compound $2B TVL
MakerDAO DAI Issuer
🔄

DEX

Trade tokens directly from your wallet via automated market makers.

Uniswap $6B TVL
Curve Stablecoins
Jupiter Solana
📈

DERIVATIVES

Trade perpetual futures and options on decentralized platforms.

Hyperliquid L1 Perps
dYdX $1.5T Vol
GMX GLP Model
🔗

INFRASTRUCTURE

Essential services: oracles, bridges, and cross-chain communication.

Chainlink 68% Oracle
Lido #1 LST
LayerZero Cross-chain

DEFI SAFETY

Smart contract risk is real. Over $1.5B has been lost to bridge hacks alone. Always verify contracts, check audits, start with small amounts, and understand that code is law—there's no customer support to call.

2024-2025 TRENDS

Emerging Technologies

The crypto ecosystem is evolving rapidly. These are the key developments reshaping the industry.

LAYER 2 SCALING

$15B+ TVL

Ethereum L2s like Base, Arbitrum, and Optimism process transactions faster and cheaper while inheriting Ethereum's security.

Base Arbitrum Optimism

SMART WALLETS

ERC-4337

Account abstraction enables gasless transactions, social recovery, and biometric login. The future of crypto UX.

No Seed Phrase Gasless

RWA TOKENIZATION

$30B+ ON-CHAIN

Real World Assets like treasuries, real estate, and commodities are being tokenized. BlackRock's BUIDL leads with $2.9B TVL.

BlackRock Ondo

BITCOIN L2s

77+ PROJECTS

Lightning Network, Stacks, and new protocols like Ordinals and Runes are bringing smart contracts and NFTs to Bitcoin.

Lightning Stacks Ordinals

RESTAKING

$50B+ MARKET

EigenLayer pioneered restaking—reusing staked ETH to secure additional services. Liquid restaking tokens (LRTs) unlock even more capital efficiency.

EigenLayer ether.fi

AI x CRYPTO

$27B MARKET CAP

Decentralized AI networks like Bittensor and autonomous AI agents are the fastest-growing crypto subsector. 21,000+ AI agent tokens launched.

Bittensor Virtuals
ESSENTIAL READING

The Crypto Library

The foundational texts that will transform your understanding of money and technology.

🟠

The Bitcoin Standard

Saifedean Ammous

The definitive work on Bitcoin's economic implications. Explores sound money, Austrian economics, and why Bitcoin matters.

MUST READ 304 pages

Mastering Bitcoin

Andreas M. Antonopoulos

The technical bible of Bitcoin. Deep dive into how Bitcoin works at a protocol level. Essential for developers.

TECHNICAL 416 pages
💎

Mastering Ethereum

Antonopoulos & Wood

Complete guide to Ethereum, smart contracts, and building decentralized applications. Written by the co-founder himself.

ADVANCED 424 pages
💵

The Fiat Standard

Saifedean Ammous

Follow-up to The Bitcoin Standard. Explains how fiat currency works (and fails) and why sound money is essential.

ESSENTIAL 368 pages
🏦

Layered Money

Nik Bhatia

How money works in layers from gold to Bitcoin. Brilliantly explains the monetary system and Bitcoin's place in it.

ACCESSIBLE 160 pages
📊

Cryptoassets

Burniske & Tatar

The innovative investor's guide to Bitcoin and beyond. Frameworks for valuing and understanding crypto assets.

INVESTING 368 pages
LEARNING RESOURCES

Free Education

The best crypto education is free. These resources will accelerate your learning.

PODCASTS

Unchained Laura Shin • Industry interviews
Bankless Ryan & David • DeFi deep dives
What Bitcoin Did Peter McCormack • Bitcoin focus
The Pomp Podcast Anthony Pompliano • Macro

NEWSLETTERS

The Pomp Letter 270K subs • Bitcoin & macro
Bankless DeFi essays & analysis
TLDR Crypto 5-min daily summary
Milk Road News with humor
FOUNDATIONS
1 2 3 4
TRADING

Ready to Go Deeper?

Now that you understand crypto, learn to trade it with discipline and precision.